Causes of Cataracts

A cataract is a clouding of the eye's lens, caused by a buildup of protein in the eye, which blocks the passage of light to the retina. Cataracts are often an anticipated part of the aging process, occurring in more than half of the population over age 65.

Usually, cataracts start small and have little or no initial effect on vision, with people experiencing no pain, and only minor blurring or distortion. As the cloud on the lens grows, vision begins to get more and more impaired, and surgery is often required.

Doctors aren't sure exactly what causes cataracts to occur with age. Studies show that people with diabetes are more likely to develop a cataract, as are people who use steroids, diuretics or major tranquilizers. Smokers and heavy drinkers may also be at greater risk, as are people who have been exposed to excessive amounts of ultraviolet light. In fact, cataracts are more common in people who live in sunny places.

Rarely, cataracts are caused by an injury to the eye. In extreme cases, infants can be born with congenital cataracts, which are usually related to a mother having German measles, chickenpox or another infectious disease during pregnancy.

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